Photo: State Department Blog
THE WHITE HOUSE
Office of the Press Secretary
August 3, 2015
REMARKS BY THE PRESIDENT AT THE YOUNG AFRICAN LEADERS INITIATIVE PRESIDENTIAL SUMMIT TOWN HALL
Omni Shoreham Hotel
Washington, D.C.
11:15 A.M. EDT
THE PRESIDENT: Well, hello, everybody! (Applause.)
AUDIENCE: Happy birthday to you! Happy birthday to you! Happy birthday, Mr. President, happy birthday to you! (Applause.)
THE PRESIDENT: Thank you. Everybody sit down. Thank you so much.
(Applause.) Well, this is a good crowd here! (Applause.) First of
all, can everybody please give Grace another big round of applause.
(Applause.) Not only does she do incredibly inspiring work in Nigeria,
but I have to say, following Grace is a little bit like following
Michelle. (Laughter.) She’s so good that you kind of feel bad when
you’re walking out, because you’re thinking, I’m not going to be that
good. (Laughter.) But she’s just one example of the incredible talent
that’s in this room.
And to all of you, I know that you’ve been here in the United States
for just a few weeks, but let me say on behalf of the American people,
welcome to the United States. We are thrilled to have you here.
(Applause.)
And your visit comes at a perfect time, because, yes, it’s soon my
birthday and that’s a very important thing. (Laughter.) But that’s not
the main reason it’s a perfect time. The main reason is because, as
many of you know, I just returned from Africa. And it was my fourth
trip to sub-Saharan Africa, more than any other U.S. President. And I
was proud to be the first U.S. President to visit Kenya, — (applause) —
the first to visit Ethiopia, — (applause) — the first to address the
African Union, which was a great honor. (Applause.)
And the reason I’ve devoted so much energy to our work with the
continent is, as I said last week, even as Africa continues to confront
many challenges, Africa is on the move. It’s one of the fastest-growing
regions in the world. Africa’s middle class is projected to grow to
more than one billion consumers. With hundreds of millions of mobile
phones and surging access to the Internet, Africans are beginning to
leapfrog old technologies into new prosperity. The continent has
achieved historic gains in health, from fighting HIV/AIDS to making
childbirth safer for women and babies. Millions have been lifted from
extreme poverty. So this is extraordinary progress.
And young people like you are driving so much of this progress —
because Africa is the youngest continent. I saw the power of youth on
my trip. In Kenya, Richard Ruto Todosia helped build Yes Youth Can, one
of the county’s most prominent civil society groups, with over one
million members. At the Global Entrepreneurship Summit in Nairobi,
Shadi Sabeh spoke about how he started Brilliant Footsteps Academy in
Nigeria, which uses education to fight religious extremism and provide
more opportunities for Muslim youth. I met Judith Owigar, an
entrepreneur who co-founded a nonprofit that trains young women living
in the slums of Nairobi in computer programming and graphic design — and
then helps place them in tech jobs.
So I saw the talent of young people all across the continent. And as
President, I want to make sure that even as we’re working with
governments, we’re also helping to empower young Africans like all of
you. And that’s why I launched YALI — Young African Leaders Initiative
— (applause) — to help you access the resources and the training and
the networks that you need to become the next generation of leaders in
all areas — in civil society, in business, in government.
And the response has been overwhelming. So far, more than 140,000
young people across Africa have joined our YALI network — so young
Africans with new ideas can connect with each other, and collaborate and
work together to put their plans into action. And I want to welcome all
of the YALI network members across Africa who are watching this town
hall today. I’m proud of all of you. I’m proud that we’ve made so much
progress together, after just a few years. (Applause.)
And last year, I said we’d launch a new set of tools for our YALI
network. So today, we’ve got more than 30 online lessons available on
everything from public speaking to how to write a business plan,
mentoring, new ways to network across Africa, around the world, new
training sessions, meetings with experts on how to launch a startup.
And we’re launching three new online Mandela Washington Fellowship
Institute courses so that all members of the YALI network can access
some of the great ideas that you’ve been sharing.
Last year, I said that we would create YALI Regional Leadership
Centers across Africa to provide skills, networks, and opportunities to
even more young African leaders. And in Kenya, I had a chance to visit
the Regional Leadership Center in Nairobi. Just this morning, we opened
a new center in Accra. And two more will be opened by the end of the
year — in Pretoria and in Dakar. (Applause.)
Last year, I said we would do even more to support young
entrepreneurs with grants to help you start a business or nonprofit, and
with new training for thousands of aspiring entrepreneurs in small
towns and rural areas. So at the recent Global Entrepreneurship Summit
in Nairobi, I announced that we secured more than $1 billion in new
commitments from banks and philanthropists to support emerging
entrepreneurs around the world, including in Africa — with half the
money going to support women and young people. (Applause.)
And last year, I welcomed our first class of Mandela Fellows. This
year, the response was overwhelming again — nearly 30,000 applied. And
today I’m honored to welcome you, the second Mandela Washington Fellows
class. We’re on track to double the Mandela Washington Fellowship
program to 1,000 fellows by next year. (Applause.)
And I know you’ve been busy. Over the past few weeks, at schools and
businesses all across America, you’ve been taking courses, developing
the skills you’ll need to make your ideas a reality, so that you’re able
to continue the great work that you’re already doing, but take it to
the next level.
That’s what Brian Bwembya of Zambia plans to do. Where’s Brian?
Where is he? (Applause.) There he is right there. So Brian uses music
to advocate against things like gender-based violence and to educate
youth on HIV/AIDS. (Applause.) So while in the U.S., he’s learned
about our health care system, met the founder of an American HIV/AIDS
organization, and now he plans to start a record label for music about
social change. So, Brian, we’re proud to be your partner. (Applause.)
Or we’ve got Kadijah Diallo of Guinea. Where is Kadijah?
(Applause.) There she is. So Kadijah helped lead UNICEF’s media
campaign to stop the spread of Ebola. And with the management skills
that she gained at Wagner College, she wants to work on improving the
lives of women and girls back home in Guinea. So we are proud to be
your partner. (Applause.)
Or we’ve got Jamila Mayanja of Uganda. Are you posing? (Laughter.)
She’s posing. Jamila is not a fashion model — that’s not — (laughter) —
she started a door-to-door laundry company to employ more youth and
teach them entrepreneurial skills. And she hopes to take what she
learned during her time at Dartmouth University to meet her goal of
getting 1,000 youth to work in or run their own business. So we’re
proud to be your partner, Jamila. (Applause.)
So that’s just a sampling of the incredible projects that are being
done by fellows all across Africa. So this program is going to help all
of you make a real difference back home.
But Fatou Ba Ndiour from Senegal — (applause) — where’s Fatou? So
Fatou wrote me a letter and she said, if the real value of YALI is for
young people to learn from others, then maybe we should start sending
some young Americans to Africa also. (Applause.) And she made the
point, not just to help poor communities as they usually do, “but to
learn from other societies, with humility” — which I thought is
absolutely true.
So I have good news, Fatou. From now on, YALI will give Americans an
opportunity. (Applause.) Next summer, up to 80 young American leaders
will join YALI and go to Africa to learn from you and your countries.
(Applause.) And you guys are going to have to look after them when
they’re there. (Laughter.) Show them good places — but not to have too
much fun. (Laughter.) They need to be doing some work while they’re
there.
So these connections and partnerships and friendships, they forge an
understanding that brings our peoples closer together. After six weeks
here, some of you are now officially Texas Longhorns or Notre Dame
Fighting Irish. (Applause.) You’ve shared African cooking with your
American friends, but you’ve also had a burger and a hotdog at Fourth of
July celebrations. (Laughter.) I’m told many of you went bowling for
the first time.
AUDIENCE: Yes!
THE PRESIDENT: I hear it didn’t go that well. (Laughter.) There
were a few strikes. By the way, there was at least one marriage that
came out of last year’s class. (Applause.) So who knows what might
happen here. (Laughter.)
So as your time in America comes to a close, I want you to remember
this is really just the beginning. We just started this. And the truth
is that our greatest challenges — whether it’s inclusive development,
or confronting terrorism, dealing with conflict, climate change,
increasing women’s rights, children’s rights — these are bigger than any
one nation or even one continent.
Our hope is, is that 10, 15, 20 years from now, when you’ve all gone
on to be ministers in government, or leaders in business, or pioneers of
social change, that you’ll still be connecting with each other, that
you’ll still be learning from each other, and that together, you’ll be
reaching back and helping the next generation — that you’ll not only be
making a difference in your own countries, but you’ll be the foundation
of a new generation of global leadership, a generation that’s going to
be working together across borders to make the world safer and more
prosperous and more peaceful and more just. That’s my hope for you.
We’ve brought you here because we benefit from your leadership, but
we’re counting on you to work together to make sure that you’re also
reaching back to those who are going to be coming behind you. Couldn’t
be prouder of you.
So with that, let me take some questions, all right? Thank you very much. (Applause.)
All right. So here are the — I think you’ve been told how this
works, but I’m going to just repeat it. I’m just going to call on as
many people as possible. When I call on you, introduce yourself, tell
me what country you’re from. Make your question relatively short —
(laughter) — so that we can get as many questions in as possible. And
I’m going to go boy, girl, boy, girl — to make sure that it’s fair. All
right? Okay. So let me see who I’m going to start off with. This is
all such a good-looking group. I’m going to start with this young lady
right here. Right here. Right in the middle. Yes, there you go — with
the African earrings. Very appropriate.
Q I’m from Kenya.
THE PRESIDENT: Habari?
Q Mzuri sana. Yes. And my question is, I’m curious how you keep
the balance in terms of your background as an African American and the
kind of struggles you’ve had to get over to get here — and being to
married Michelle Obama — she’s powerful and amazing — and as a father,
as a husband. But you seem to not let that interfere with your work,
and you’ve been effective. So how do you keep the balance?
THE PRESIDENT: Well, first of all, I wouldn’t be who I was without
Michelle. So she’s my partner. (Applause.) That’s true
professionally, but that’s true in terms of my character and who I am.
One of the things I’m very proud of is the fact that I married someone
who is strong, and talented, and opinionated, and my equal. And part of
the reason why that’s so important to me is because she’s the role
model now for my daughters. And so Malia and Sasha, they have
expectations of being strong and talented, and being treated as an equal
by their partners as they get older — much older. (Laughter.)
The balance — I’ve written about this. The balance isn’t always
perfect. I think one of the things that my generation, but now even
more your generation, has to manage is, if you have two people working
in the house, outside the home, how do you manage that in a way that
we’re both good parents, we’re both able to succeed in our work. And
what Michelle and I found was that we had to recognize that at any given
point in our careers, one person might sacrifice a little bit — maybe
this was a time that she really had to focus on something, and so I had
to cover for her more. There were times where I was able to do
something and she had to handle things more.
Now, I’m not suggesting that it’s been completely equal, because I’m
the first one to acknowledge that she’s probably made more sacrifices,
given the nature of a political career, than I have. But what I’ve
learned from her is that if she doesn’t feel respected and fulfilled,
then I’m going to end up being less successful, ultimately. And that’s
something that I think that men in Africa, in particular — men
everywhere — (laughter) — but men in Africa — I’ve spoken about this a
lot. The best measure of how a country does economically in terms of
development is how does it treat its women. (Applause.)
And as I said in a speech — a couple of the speeches that I gave
while I was in Kenya and Ethiopia — if you’re mistreating your women,
then you’re just holding yourself back, you’re holding yourself down.
You may have some false sense of importance, but ultimately you don’t
benefit if women are being discriminated against, because that means
when they’re working, your family is going to have less income. If
they’re not educated, that means your children are less likely to be
well educated, because, typically, the mother is the first educator of a
child. So if they see you disrespecting your wife, then what lesson is
your — not just your girls, but what lessons are your sons learning
from you?
And so this is something that I really think everybody, especially
the young generation of African men, have to learn and internalize. And
I want to see more men creating peer pressure among themselves. If you
see a friend of yours, a classmate, one of your buddies abusing a
woman, you have to say something. You have to ostracize them and say
that’s not acceptable. Because, ultimately, this is not just an issue
of laws — although here in the United States we’re still fighting for
equal pay for equal work; we’re still fighting to make sure that women
have the same opportunities as men — but it’s also a matter of culture
and what our expectations are. And your generation is going to have to
change expectations.
You do not lift yourself up by holding somebody else down. And
that’s especially true within your own family and the people that you’re
closest to. (Applause.)
All right. That young men right there, in the striped shirt. Yes, you.
Q Thank you, Mr. President. I am from Rwanda. (Applause.)
THE PRESIDENT: You have a little cheering section here. (Laughter.) Got the flags.
Q Mr. President, there is a big problem of climate change, and
research has showed that Africa will be the most vulnerable continent to
climate change in the next decades. Africa is the continent which is
responsible to climate change mitigation, and it is reducing the
greenhouse gases and the global warming. And I saw that Africa was the
last continent to get the funding for climate change mitigation and
adaptation. So my question is to ask you what is the plan of the United
States of America to empower Africa so that our community can adapt
themselves to the climate change in the next future? Thank you.
(Applause.)
THE PRESIDENT: Well, first of all, this generation has to understand
that climate change is going to be one of the critical issues that you
face. Now, oftentimes you’ll hear people say, well, environmental
issues, climate change, we don’t have time to worry about that right now
because we have much more urgent issues — we have to educate our
children, we have to feed people, we have to develop — maybe later we
can worry about environmental issues — which I understand why a lot of
African countries and poorer countries in Asia or Latin America or other
places would say that, because historically, that’s basically what the
United States and developed countries did.
The United States used to be terribly polluted. If you went to Los
Angeles, you couldn’t — it was like Beijing is now. It was very hard to
breathe if you ran outside. You had lakes and rivers that were so
polluted that one of them caught fire. (Laughter.) That’s serious;
that’s some pollution there. The same is true in London when London was
first developing during the Industrial Revolution, because of all the
coal that was being burned, and the soot.
Here’s the problem. Whether it’s fair or not, the issue of climate
change is not like traditional environmental issues in the sense that’s
it’s just isolated in one area. Global climate change will affect
everybody. And because the changes could be so severe, frankly, the
countries that are most likely to be adversely affected are the poorer
countries because they have less margin for error.
So if you have changing weather patterns in, let’s say, the Indian
Subcontinent, and the monsoon rains shift, suddenly you could have
millions of people whose crops completely fail. Well, the same is true
in Africa — if rain patterns and drought starts changing, subsistence
farmers are completely vulnerable. If you are in coastal communities,
and the oceans begin to rise, millions of people could be displaced.
So this is something that everybody is going to have to take
seriously. Now, what we’re going to be doing is, here in the United
States, we are initiating some of the most aggressive action to start
reducing the emission of carbon that produces climate change. There’s
going to be a Paris conference later this year in which we’re organizing
China and other countries that are big carbon emitters to participate,
and set targets for reduction of carbon pollution.
Now, Africa, per capita, doesn’t produce that much carbon. So some
African countries have said, well, why should we have to do anything?
Well, the answer is, is that you have to project where you’re going to
be 20 years from now or 30 years from now. If you get locked in now in,
for example, the way you producing energy that’s producing a lot of
carbon, given the youth of Africa and its rising population, you could
end up being the major carbon emitter if you don’t take plans now.
So what we’re saying is, learn from our mistakes and find new,
sustainable ways of generating energy that don’t produce carbon.
When I was in Nairobi, I highlighted the work we’re doing with
something called Power Africa, which has generated billions of dollars
with the goal of electrification throughout sub-Saharan Africa. But
part of what we’re trying to encourage countries to do is don’t
automatically take the old models; think about new models of energy
production, and try to leapfrog over the old models.
So, for example, with solar energy, we were looking at solar panels
that you could send into rural areas, put on the roof of a hut, and for
the same price per day that people are purchasing kerosene, they could
have a small — solar panels and pack that generates light and provides
what they need. And in fact, it will pay for itself in a year, and then
they’ll save money after that.
And so, in the same way that you’ve seen banking and financial
transactions off smartphones, cellphones, leapfrogging some of the old
ways of doing business in advanced countries, the same has to be true
for energy. And we want to encourage new models. We are going to be
providing — the United States and other wealthier countries are going to
be providing billions of dollars in money for adaptation and
mitigation. But what’s more urgent is how do we create the energy
that’s needed for Africa’s growth and development in a way that does not
make the problem worse, but instead makes the problem better.
All right? (Applause.) Okay, this young lady right here. You’ve got the mic coming.
Q Hello. I’m from Mauritania and I’m 23 years old. So my
question is simple: You, as a President, and you as a citizen — a U.S.
citizen, will you, after leaving the White House, keep up this program?
Because we still need it. (Applause.)
THE PRESIDENT: Yes. It is a simple question, and I’ve got a simple
answer: Yes. (Applause.) Now, here’s what we’re going to try to do.
We want to institutionalize the program so that the next President and
future Presidents and the United States government continue to sustain
the program. (Applause.) So that’s going to be important.
And since I still have this job for the next 18 months, I haven’t
been completely focused on what I’m going to do afterwards. (Laughter.)
The first thing I’m probably going to do is I’m going to catch up on
my sleep. (Laughter.) So I’m going to do that for a couple months.
(Laughter.) But I can guarantee you that one of the things I’m
interested in doing when I leave office is to continue to create these
platforms for young leadership across the globe, to network, get
relationships, to work together, to learn with each other. (Applause.)
And by the way, it’s not just in Africa. So we’ve set up a young
leaders program in Asia. We’re doing the same thing in Latin America.
Because the goal is, eventually I want not only for there to be a
network of thousands of young African leaders who know each other across
borders, are sharing best practices, sharing ideas, but I also want you
to know young leaders in Indonesia, or young leaders in Chile, or young
leaders around the globe.
Because I said before, ultimately you’re going to be global leaders,
not just leaders in your own country. It begins in your own countries
where you can make your mark, but one of the powerful things about
technology and the Internet right now is you can learn and forge
relationships and learn best practices from everyplace. So if you’re an
advocate for women’s rights, and you’re doing great work in Nigeria, it
may be that somebody in Burma can, on the Internet, see how you
organized your campaign and how you were able to finance it and what you
were able to accomplish, and suddenly what you’ve done in one country
becomes a model for action all across the world.
So this is going to be a top priority of mine. I will definitely continue to be involved in that. All right? (Applause.)
Let’s see, I’ve got to call on a man now. Let’s see. Let’s see.
I’m going to call on this guy right there. Yes, you right there — just
because I like that hat. (Laughter.) That’s a sharp-looking hat right
there.
Q I come from Madagascar.
THE PRESIDENT: There you go.
Q We Madagascar fellows are involved in the environmental
entrepreneurship. So what is the commitment of the United States
towards young entrepreneurship and climate change?
THE PRESIDENT: Well, as I said before, we are pledging — we’ve got a
billion dollars for entrepreneurship; half of it we are going to direct
towards women entrepreneurs and young people who are entrepreneurs,
because they’ve been underrepresented in terms of access to capital.
And as I mentioned to the young man earlier, the opportunities for
entrepreneurship related to clean energy, related to conservation —
which oftentimes, in a place like Madagascar, involves tourism and
ecotourism — there’s huge potential there if it’s done properly.
So the key is, in some cases, just the access to financing. But part
of what you’ve learned, hopefully, with YALI is part of it is also
having a well-thought-out plan. Now, not everybody can afford to go to a
fancy business school and graduate and have all the credentials, but
that doesn’t mean you don’t have a good idea. And one of the things
that we’re trying to do, particularly through online learning, is to
create some of the basic concepts for how a business or a nonprofit can
get started, how it can be properly managed, how you can do the
accounting in a way that’s efficient. We want to make sure that we are a
continuing partner for you as you start your business and you learn.
And this is where these regional networks that we’re setting up is
also useful, because not only will we have online learning but these
regional hubs, initially in four regions of Africa, allow you to
continue to network and access through the U.S. embassy, or the chambers
of commerce, or private sector participants who are partnering with us,
so that you can have hands-on mentoring and learning as you are
developing your business plans, and as you’re trying to move forward.
The one thing, for those of you who are entrepreneurs or aspiring
entrepreneurs, to remember is all around the world, even in the United
States, not every idea succeeds. So if you want to be an entrepreneur
and start a business, you have to believe with all your heart that
you’re going to succeed, but then when — and if — one of the businesses
fails, you’ve got to be able to get up, dust yourself off, figure out
what you’ve learned, and then start another business. And eventually,
it’s from continually refining your ideas and exploring what works and
understanding what your market is and what consumers are looking for,
that eventually, you have a chance to succeed.
Okay. It’s a young woman’s turn now. Well, she’s just dancing over
here, so we’ll have to call on her. (Laughter.) That doesn’t mean, by
the way, everybody should dance. (Laughter.) I just wanted to point
that out. Go ahead.
Q Mr. President, thank you. I’m from Cameroon. And I would like
to find out if you will support Africa’s condition for permanency at the
U.N. Security Council. Thank you. (Applause.)
THE PRESIDENT: So the Security Council was formed after World War
II, and obviously the world and the balance of power around the world
looked very different in 1945, 1946, ’47 than it does in 2015, ’16 and
’17. So the United States is supportive in concept of modifications to
the structure of the United Nations Security Council. I will be honest
with you — how that happens, and how you balance all the equities is
complicated. As a matter of principle, I would think that there should
at least be one representative from the African continent on the
Security Council, along with representatives from the other regions of
the world and some of the other powers that have emerged.
I will tell you that — because, for example, Latin America does not
have a country that’s represented — it does get complicated, because you
have to figure out how — let me put it this way. Everybody probably
thinks they should be on it. And so even in Africa, if you started
saying, okay, let’s say we should have an African — is it South Africa?
Is it Nigeria? Is it — see? (Laughter.) Uganda? See? Suddenly
everybody was thinking, well, why not me? The same is true in — Japan
considers itself, as one of the largest economies in the world,
suitable. Brazil thinks it should be on. India, the world’s largest
democracy.
So we’re going to have to design a process whereby all these various
legitimate arguments are sorted through. But what I very much believe
is that for the United Nations Security Council to be effective, it has
to be more representative of all the various trend lines that have
occurred over the last several decades.
One thing I will say, though, about the United Nations — everybody
wants a seat at the table, but sometimes people don’t want the
responsibilities of having a seat at the table. And that’s happening
even now. And the one thing I’ve learned, both in my personal life and
in my political life, is that if you want more authority, then you also
have to be more responsible. You can’t wear the crown if you can’t bear
the cross.
And oftentimes, in the United Nations — which I’m very committed to,
and the agencies there do a lot of really critical important work — but
when it comes to, okay, who’s going to actually step up and contribute
to peacekeeping, who’s going to actually write a check when it comes to
making sure that we’re dealing with the Ebola crisis, who’s going to
show leadership in tackling climate change — are you willing to speak
out on issues even when it contradicts your own interests, or when it’s
politically hard, or when it’s uncomfortable — if you’re not willing to
do those things, this is not just something where, okay, I got a
membership key to the club and now I’m just going to show off how
important I am. And you see that sometimes. This happens — and
sometimes it happens at our own agencies.
On human rights, when I was in Kenya, I said that it’s not enough for
the United States always to be the heavy who has to point out that it’s
unsuitable for leaders to ignore their constitution and try to cling on
to power. Their neighbors have to speak up as well, even if it’s
uncomfortable. (Applause.)
So my attitude is, if you want to participate then you have to
recognize that you have broader responsibilities. And that’s something
that the United States, by the way, for all our occasional mistakes or
flaws, or our policies not perfect all the time, the one thing we do try
to be is responsible. If there’s an earthquake or a tornado or a
hurricane somewhere, we’re there. We’re stepping up. When Ebola
happened, we stepped up, even when other people were kind of looking
around and trying to figure out, well, I don’t know, what should we do?
And that is part of leadership. That’s true, by the way, for you
individually as well. You have to be willing to take some risks and do
some hard things in order to be a leader. A leader is not just a name, a
title, and privileges and perks.
Let’s see, I think it’s a gentleman’s turn, isn’t it? All right.
This guy looks sharp, right here in the corner. I mean, that’s a
serious-looking coat. Look at that. (Applause.) That’s a good-looking
coat. Don’t worry, I’ll call on somebody who’s just wearing a suit at
some point. (Laughter.)
Q Thank you, Mr. President. I’m from Cameroon. So we are very
grateful for the American leadership in our fight against violent
extremism and the military response. So my question is, what kind of
engagement — what kind of support we can expect from you in building
resilient communities, especially along the Sahel, where we are
grappling with those issues?
THE PRESIDENT: Well, this is something that’s very important. Look,
the sources of violence around the world are multiple. And it’s
important for us to recognize that, sadly, the human race has found
excuses to kill each other for all sorts of reasons. In the continent
of Africa, oftentimes it’s been along ethnic and tribal lines. It has
nothing to do with religion; it has to do with you speak a slightly
different language than me, or you look just a little bit different. In
Northern Ireland it was religious. In other places, it just has to do
with trying to gain power, or a majority group trying to impose its will
on a minority group. So there are all kinds of reasons for violence.
But one of the phenomena that we are now seeing is a very specific
promotion of violent extremism that oftentimes is twisting and
distorting and, I think, ultimately, defying the edicts of one of the
world’s greatest religions — Islam. And it’s being exported and
turbocharged through social media, and groups like al-Shabaab and ISIL
and Boko Haram. And the question is, how do we fight back against those
ideologies in a way that allows us still to be true to the values of
peace and tolerance and due process and rule of law.
So the United States is obviously committed to this fight against
terrorism. And we are working with countries and partnering with
countries all around the world to go after whether it’s al Qaeda, Boko
Haram. But what we’ve also said is in order to defeat these extremist
ideologies, it can’t just be military, police and security. It has to
be reaching into communities that feel marginalized and making sure that
they feel that they’re heard; making sure that the young people in
those communities have opportunity.
And that’s why it’s so important to partner with civil society
organizations in countries throughout Africa and around the world who
can reach young people before ISIL reaches them, before al Shabaab
reaches them, and inoculate them from the notion that somehow the
solution to their alienation or the source of future opportunity for
them is to go kill people.
And that’s why, when I was in Kenya, for example, and I did a town
hall meeting there, I emphasized what I had said to President Kenyata —
be a partner with the civil society groups. (Applause.) Because too
often, there’s a tendency — because what the extremist groups want to do
is they want to divide. That’s what terrorism is all about. The
notion is that you scare societies, further polarizes them. The
government reacts by further discriminating against a particular group.
That group then feels it has no political outlet peacefully to deal
with their grievances. And that then — that suppression can oftentimes
accelerate even more extremism.
And that’s why reaching out to civil society groups, clergy, and
listening and asking, okay, what is it that we need to do in order to
make sure that young people feel that they can succeed? What is it that
we need to do to make sure that they feel that they’re fully a part of
this country and are full citizens, and have full rights? How do we do
that? Bringing them into plan and design messages and campaigns that
embrace the diversity of these countries — those are the things that are
so important to do.
We still have to gain intelligence and engage in effective military
and police campaigns to eradicate those who are so brainwashed that all
you can do is incapacitate them. But the question is constantly, how do
we make sure that the recruitment of young people into these terrorist
organizations, how do we cut off that flow? And that requires more than
just military efforts. (Applause.)
All right. This young lady right here. Yes, right here in the green
and red. Yes, you. No, no, no right here. Go ahead. No, no, no,
right here in front. Yes, you. Yes, go ahead.
Q Thank you, Mr. President. I’m from Kenya. And I’m speaking on
behalf of my brothers and sisters with albinism from Africa. As you may
know, Mr. President, persons with albinism in Africa are being killed
and their body parts harvested for ritual purposes. My request to you
is to raise this issue with the heads of states from African countries
to bring these atrocities to an end, for the benefit of for us in this
room, and our brothers and sisters back in Africa. Thank you.
(Applause.)
THE PRESIDENT: Okay, good. Thank you. Well, can I just say the
notion that any African would discriminate against somebody because of
the color of their skin, after what black people around the world have
gone through, is crazy. (Applause.) It is infuriating and I have no
patience for it.
When I was in Africa, I said there are important traditions and
folkways that need to be respected — that’s part of who each culture is,
each country is. But there’s also just foolish traditions — (applause)
— and old ways of doing business that are based in ignorance. And they
need to stop. And the idea that a society would visit violence on
people because of pigmentation, that’s not a tradition that is worth
preserving. That’s tomfoolery. That’s craziness. It’s cruel.
The same is true with practices like genital mutilation. That just
has to stop. (Applause.) You don’t do violence to young girls just
because your great-grandfather or — because there’s no reason for it
other than to suppress woman. That’s the rationale. That’s what it’s
based on. Bride abduction — bad tradition. End it. Beating women —
not a good tradition. (Applause.) I don’t care that that used to be
how things were done.
Societies evolve based on new understandings and new science and new
appreciation of who we are. And so we can preserve great traditions —
music, food, dance, language, art — but if there’s a tradition anywhere
in Africa, or here in the United States, or anywhere in the world that
involves treating people differently because you’re scared of them, or
because you’re ignorant about them, or because you want to feel superior
to them, it’s a bad tradition. And you have to challenge it. And you
can’t accept excuses for it.
Grace was up here — you heard the power of Grace’s talking. Now,
traditionally, people with disabilities are treated differently because
people are ignorant. And when — here in the United States, we passed
the Americans Against With Disabilities Act. And that opened up more
opportunities, and suddenly there are ramps so people can access it, and
there are computers and new technologies so that people who maybe
couldn’t communicate before can communicate. And it turns out there’s
all this talent and brilliance, and people can do these things. Well,
then people’s attitudes have to change, and the societies have to
change. And that’s why young people are so important in changing
attitudes.
The same, by the way, is true for sexual orientation. (Applause.) I
spoke about this in Africa, and everybody is like, oh, oh, we don’t want
to hear that. (Laughter.) But the truth of the matter is, is that if
you’re treating people differently just because of who they love and who
they are, then there’s a connection between that mindset and the
mindset that led to racism, and the mindset that leads to ethnic
conflict. (Applause.) It means that you’re not able to see somebody
else as a human being.
And so you can’t, on the one hand, complain when somebody else does
that to you, and then you’re doing it to somebody else. You can’t do it.
There’s got to be some consistency to how you think about these
issues. And that’s going to be up to young people — because old people
get stuck in their ways. (Laughter.) They do. They do. And that’s
true here in the United States.
The truth of the matter is, is that when I started running for
President, everybody said a black guy names Barack Obama, he’s not going
to win the presidency of the United States. (Laughter.) But what I
was banking on was the fact that with all the problems that still exist
in the United States around racial attitudes, et cetera, things have
changed, and young people and new generations had suddenly understood
that, in Dr. King’s words, you have to be judged not by the color of
your skin, but by the contents of your character.
And that doesn’t mean that everything suddenly is perfect. It just
means that, young people, you can lead the way and set a good example.
But it requires some courage, because the old thinking, people will push
back at you. And if you don’t have the convictions and the courage to
be able to stand up for what you think is right, then cruelty will
perpetuate itself.
So you guys are on the spot. If there’s one thing I want YALI
leaders to come out with is that notion of you are strong by taking care
of the people who are vulnerable, by looking after the minority,
looking after the disabled, looking after the vulnerable. You’re not
strong by putting people down; you’re strong by lifting them up.
(Applause.) That’s the measure of a leader.
All right, how much time do we got? I’ve only got time for one more
question. Now, first of all, the women — you’ve to put your hands down
because I just asked a woman. (Laughter.) So it’s got to be a guy.
And I promised I’d ask a guy in a suit. (Laughter.) I’m just going to
ask this guy right here. (Applause.) Look at him, he’s all buttoning
up. He looks very sharp.
AUDIENCE MEMBER: That’s my boy! (Laughter.)
Q Thank you, Mr. President. I’m from Nigeria. Thank you. I want
to say we appreciate all the great work that the United States is doing
with Nigeria and many other African countries, especially as it
concerns infrastructure development policies and all of those. But I’m
of the opinion that if we do not make investment in education more than
any other sector of the economy, then we are not building a sustainable
partnership. (Applause.) And I’m saying that with respect to the fact
that we are all of the intellectual dream that Africa is experiencing.
Due to the fact the grass seemed green on this side and then the United
States attracts so many intellectuals, we should have stayed to
development and grown these programs.
For example, recently, when you were in Kenya, you launched a project
around power and energy. I’m of the opinion that if that program is
going to be successful and sustainable, then all of those programs
should include the partnership of universities. (Applause.) Because
through that, we can build the capacity of universities, and then those
countries can go around in other African countries replicating that. So
in that case, we can control the dream that is moving from Africa to
the West, or to any other part of the country. (Applause.)
So I want to ask, what is the United States doing to control this
intellectual dream to the Western world? And what are you doing to
increase, more than others, the investment in education so that our
partnership and development can be truly sustainable? Thank you.
(Applause.)
THE PRESIDENT: Okay, good. That was good. That was an excellent
question. It is an excellent question, but I’m going to reverse the
question a little bit. The question is not what is the United States
doing to reverse the brain drain. The question is, what are your
countries doing to reverse the brain drain? (Applause.)
Now, many of you have friends who study overseas, they study in the
West, and then they decide to stay instead of going back home. Now, the
United States, we are partnering with every country here. I guarantee
you there are programs to invest in education in your country. There
are programs to work with the universities in your countries. I think
you make an excellent point that on big projects like Power Africa, we
should make sure that there is a capacity-building component. And in
fact, one of the things that’s been done with our development assistance
that we’re providing is to emphasize capacity-building.
So, for example, our Feed the Future program, the goal is not to just
keep on sending food forever. The goal is teaching farmers to double
or triple or quadruple their yields, which then gives them more income,
which then allows them to buy maybe a tractor or to start a cooperative
food-processing plant, that then accesses the market and the money gets
reinvested, and now you’re building jobs and commerce inside the country
as opposed to just being an aid recipient. So I’m all about
capacity-building.
But ultimately, why is it that you have so many talented,
well-educated young Africans leaving instead of staying? Why is it that
you have so many talented, well-educated people from the Middle East or
parts of Asia, or Latin America who would rather live here than there?
The issue is not just that we’re a wealthier country. I think it’s
fair to say — and you know better than I do — but part of it has to do
with a young person’s assessment of can I succeed in applying my talents
if, for example, the economy is still built on corruption so that I
have to pay a bribe or be well-connected in order to start my business.
(Applause.) Or are there still ethnic rivalries in the country, which
means that if I’m from the wrong tribe, I’m less likely to advance. Or
is there still so much sexism in the country that if I’m a woman, then
I’m expected just to be at home and be quiet, when I’m a trained doctor.
Or is there a lack of rule of law or basic human rights and freedoms
that make me feel as if I am restricted in what I can do.
I make this point to say that some of the brain drain is economic.
But some of it has to do with people’s assessments of if I stay in my
country, am I going to have the ability to succeed? And that’s why,
when I talk to leaders in Africa, or anywhere around the world, I say,
look, if you put together the basics of rule of law and due process and
democracy, and you’re able to keep peace so that there’s not conflict
and constant danger, and the government is not corrupt, then even a poor
country, you’re going to attract a lot of people who are going to want
to live there because they’ll feel like they’re part of building
something and are contributing something.
Because the one thing I’ve discovered is — right now, I live in a big
house but it’s a lease, you know, I have to give it up in 18 months.
(Laughter.) A big house is nice for the first month — it’s like, well,
this is a really big house. (Laughter.) Then, after about two months
you realize, I can’t live in all these rooms. (Laughter.) My life is
not appreciably better once I’ve got the basics. And I think a lot of
young Africans would be much more interested in staying even if they
don’t have as big of a house, or the shopping malls aren’t as big, or —
if they felt as if the basics are taken care of, I can keep my family
safe, I can practice my profession, I’m not going to be discriminated
against — (applause) — the government is well-meaning and
well-intentioned and is not corrupt, and public investments are being
made, then people I think would have a sense of meaning in their lives.
That doesn’t mean that there aren’t going to be some people who would
still rather live in London or New York because they think they can
make more money. But I think that, as much as anything we do, is going
to reverse the brain drain. And that’s why what you do is going to be
so important, because if you set a good example of going back home and
rebuilding your country, and if you, as young leaders, are creating an
environment in which young people can succeed and you’re setting a new
set of expectations about how exciting it is to be part of something new
— that can help turn the tide.
So, good luck. (Applause.) Thank you, everybody. (Applause.)
END
12:22 P.M. EDT
